This Week in History

HISTORY, 19 Sep 2016

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Sep 19–25

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“We have all heard the saying, ‘Some people go their grave with their music still in them.’  They have had a dream but never did anything to make that dream come true.  If you answered the question, “what would the one thing you would like to change”, but have done nothing to change it, start to do something. Break down the change into steps, set time frames for yourself and start taking steps to make that change a reality.” – Catherine Pulsifer

 

SEPTEMBER 19

Today is the INTERNATIONAL TALK LIKE A PIRTE DAY:

2010  The leaking oil well in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is sealed.

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill:

2006  The Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok. The Constitution is and martial law is declared.

Thai Military Coup of 2006:

1997  Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria where 53 people are killed.

Guelb El-Kebir Massacre of September 1997:

1991  Ötzi the Iceman is discovered by German tourists.

1989  A terrorist bomb explodes UTA Flight 772 in mid-air above the Tùnùrù Desert, Niger, killing 171.

1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis gains its independence.

Saint Kitts and Nevis:

History of Saint Kitts and Nevis:

1982  Scott Fahlman posts the first documented emoticons :-) and :-( on the Carnegie Mellon University Bulletin Board System.

1978  The Solomon Islands join the United Nations.

Solomon Islands:

History and Culture of the Solomon Islands:

Permanent Mission of Solomon Islands to the United Nations:

1976  Two Imperial Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom II jets fly out to investigate an unidentified flying object when both independently lose instrumentation and communications as they approach, only to have them restored upon withdrawal.

Unidentified Flying Object:

UFOs in the Bible? :

1973  USSR performs underground nuclear test (underground) at South Kazakhstan.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1973:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1972  A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.

1971  Montagnard troops of South Vietnam revolt against the rule of Nguyễn Khánh, killing 70 ethnic Vietnamese soldiers.

1970  Kostas Georgakis, a Greek student of geology, sets himself ablaze in Matteotti Square in Genoa, Italy, as a protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos.

1970  The first Glastonbury Festival is held at Michael Eavis‘s farm in Glastonbury, United Kingdom.

1962  USSR performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1959  Nikita Khrushchev is barred from visiting Disneyland due to security concerns.

1957  First American underground nuclear bomb test (part of Operation Plumbbob).

Underground Nuclear Test:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1952  The United States bars Charlie Chaplin from re-entering the country after a trip to England.

1946  The Council of Europe is founded following a speech by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich.

Winston Churchill’s Speech on the Council of Europe, Zurich, September 1946:

1945  Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) is sentenced to death in London.

1944  Battle of Hürtgen Forest between United States and Nazi Germany begins.

Battle of Hürtgen Forest of 1944:

1944  Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union is signed. (End of the Continuation War).

Continuation War:

From Winter War to the Continuation War:

1940  Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz in order to smuggle out information and start a resistance.

1936  World War II: The Battle of Kępa Oksywska concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.

1934  Bruno Hauptmann is arrested for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr..

1916  During the East African Campaign of World War I, colonial armed forces of the Belgian Congo (Force Publique) under the command of General Charles Tombeur captured the town of Tabora after heavy fighting.

1893  Women’s suffrage: In New Zealand, the Electoral Act of 1893 is consented to by the governor giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.

Women’s Suffrage in New Zealand:

History of Women’s Suffrage:

Women’s Rights in General:

Issues relating to Gender Inequality/Equality and More:

Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women:

UN and Women:

Gender Equality in Education:

1881  US President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting. Vice President Chester A. Arthur, becomes President upon Garfield’s death.

1870  Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a Prisoner in the Vatican.

1870  Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris begins, which will result on January 28, 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory.

Siege of Paris (1870-1871):

Franco-Prussian War:

Timelines of the Franco-Prussian War:

1868  Spanish revolution: La Gloriosa.

1846  Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a Marian apparition on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as Our Lady of La Salette.

1799  French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.

1796  George Washington’s Farewell Address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.

 

 

SEPTEMBER 20

2011  The United States military ends its “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.

2008  A dump truck full of explosives detonates in front of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 54 people and injuring 266 others.

2007  Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters marched on Jena, Louisiana, in support of six black youths who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate.

2003  Maldives civil unrest: the death of prisoner Hassan Evan Naseem sparks a day of rioting in Malé.

2001  In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a “War on Terror“.

War on Terror/Terrorism:

Timelines of the War on Terror/Terrorism:

Al-Qaeda:

Taliban:

History of Taliban:

Is the Taliban a Terrorist Organization? :

2000  The United Kingdom’s MI6 Secret Intelligence Service building is attacked by individuals using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank missile. The perpetrators remain unidentified.

1990  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1990  South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia.

South Ossetia and the South Ossetia War:

History of South Ossetia:

1984  A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twenty-two people.

1979  A coup d’état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokasa I.

1978  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1978:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1977  The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations.

Vietnam:

History of Vietnam:

1970  Syrian tanks roll into Jordan in response to continued fighting between Jordan and the fedayeen.

1962  James Meredith, an African American, is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.

1961  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1961:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1961  Greek general Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece.

1960  UN General Assembly admit 13 African countries & Cyprus (96 nations).

African Countries and Their Independence:

Cyprus:

History of Cyprus:

1958  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

For more pertinent information, see “1961  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR”, mentioned above.

1942  Holocaust in Letychiv, Ukraine. In the course of two days the German SS murders at least 3,000 Jews.

Holocaust in Letychiv:

1930  Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed by Archbishop Mar Ivanios.

1920  Foundation of the Spanish Legion.

1909  The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the South Africa Act 1909, creating the Union of South Africa from the British Colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal Colony.

1893  Charles Duryea and his brother road-test the first American-made gasoline-powered automobile.

1871  Bishop John Coleridge Patteson is martyred on the island of Nukapu, a Polynesian outlier island now in the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands. He is the first bishop of Melanesia.

1857  The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.

1854  Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.

Battle of Alma:

Crimean War:

Timeline of Crimean War:

History of Crimea:

1848  The American Association for the Advancement of Science is created.

1835  Ragamuffin rebels capture Porto Alegre, then capital of the Brazilian imperial province of Rio Grande do Sul, triggering the start of ten-year-long Ragamuffin War.

1792 French troops stop allied invasion of France, during the War of the First Coalition at Valmy.

1737  The finish of the Walking Purchase which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.

1697  The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic ending the Nine Years’ War (1688–97).

 

 

SEPTEMBER 21

Today is the INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PEACE  (A/RES/36/67)  (A/RES/55/282) :

2013  al-Shabaab Islamic militants attack the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, killing at least 67 people.

2001  America: A Tribute to Heroes is broadcast by over 35 network and cable channels, raising over $200 million for the victims of the September 11 attacks.

2001  Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.

1999  Chi-Chi earthquake occurs in central Taiwan, leaving about 2,400 people dead.

1993  Russian President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then-functioning constitution, thus triggering the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993.

1991  Armenia is granted independence from Soviet Union.

Armenia:

Foreign Relations of Armenia:

Economy of Armenia:

History of Armenia:

Permanent Mission of Armenia to the United Nations:

1984  Brunei joins the United Nations.

Brunei:

Economy of Brunei:

History of Brunei:

Permanent Mission of Brunei Darussalam to the United Nations:

1983  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1981  Sandra Day O’Connor is unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice.

1981  Belize is granted full independence from the United Kingdom.

1977  A nuclear non-proliferation pact is signed by 15 countries, including the United States and the Soviet Union.

1976  Seychelles joins the United Nations.

1976  Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.

1972  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Orenburg, Russia.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1972:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1972  Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos signs Proclamation № 1081, placing the entire country under martial law and marking the beginning of his authoritarian rule.

1971  Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the United Nations.

1967  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1965  Gambia, Maldives and Singapore are admitted as members of the United Nations.

1964  The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world’s first Mach 3 bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.

1964  Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom.

Malta:

Economy of Malta:

History of Malta:

1961  Maiden flight of the Boeing CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.

1958  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1955  USSR performs nuclear tests (atmospheric), USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1955:

USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1953  Lieutenant No Kum-Sok, a North Korean pilot, defects to South Korea and is associated with Operation Moolah.

1942  The Boeing B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight.

1942  In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.

1942  In Poland, at the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto in Biała Podlaska, established to assemble Jews from seven nearby towns, including Janów Podlaski, Rossosz and Terespol.

1942  The Holocaust: On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.

Jewish People in Pidhaytsi:

Belzac Extermination Camp:

1939  Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu is assassinated by far-right legionnaires of the fascist paramilitary organization Iron Guard.

1938  The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people.

1934  A large typhoon hits western Honshū, Japan, killing 3,036 people.

1921  A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500-600 people.

1898  Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days’ Reform in China.

1896  Mahdist War: British forces under the command of Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola in the Sudan.

1860  Second Opium War: an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.

Battle of Palikao:

Second Opium War:

Opium Wars:

1843  John Williams Wilson takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the newly independent Chilean government.

1792  French Revolution: the National Convention declares France a republic and abolishes the absolute monarchy.

 

 

SETPEMBER 22

2013  At least 75 people are killed in a suicide bombing at a church in Peshawar, Pakistan.

1995  Nagerkovil school bombing, is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force in which at least 34 die, most of them ethnic Tamil school children.

1993  A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia.

1993  A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak history. Forty-seven passengers are killed.

1991  The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library.

Dead Sea Scrolls Text English Translation:

Background Information on the Dead Sea Scrolls:

1983  1983  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1983:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1980  Iraq invades Iran

Iran-Iraq War:

Timelines of the Iran-Iraq War:

1979  The Vela Incident (also known as the South Atlantic Flash) is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.

Vela Incident of 1979:

1975  Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.

1971  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1967  USSR performs nuclear test (underground) at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1967:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1965  The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (also known as the Second Kashmir War) between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, ends after the UN calls for a ceasefire.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (a.k.a. Second Kashmir War):

Timeline of the Kashmir Conflict/India-Pakistan War:

1960  The Sudanese Republic is renamed Mali after the withdrawal of Senegal from the Mali Federation.

History of Mali:

Mali:

Foreign Relations of Mali:

Mali and the United Nations:

US – Mali Military Relations/Cooperation:

Economy of Mali:

1957  In Haiti, François Duvalier is elected president.

1955  In the United Kingdom, the television channel ITV goes live for the first time.

1950  Nobel peace prize awarded to Ralph J Bunche (1st colored person winner).

Ralph Bunche:

Nobel Prize and Racism? :

1941  World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed.

1939  Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.

1937  Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.

Battle of El Mazuco:

Spanish Civil War:

Timeline of the Spanish Civil War:

1914  German submarine SM U-9 torpedoes and sinks the British cruisers HMS Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy on the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of over 1,400 men.

1908  The Bulgarian Declaration of Independence is proclaimed.

1885  Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to Home Rule.

1866  Battle of Curupayty in the Paraguayan War.

1862  Slavery in the United States: A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released.

 

 

SETPEMBER 23

2008  Convict Teresa Lewis became the first female inmate to die by lethal injection in the state of Virginia.

2008  Kauhajoki school shooting: Matti Saari kills 10 people before committing suicide.

2004  Hurricane Jeanne: At least 1,070 in Haiti are reported to have been killed by floods.

2002  The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox (“Phoenix 0.1”) is released.

1999  NASA announces that it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter.

1992  A large Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb destroys forensic laboratories in Belfast.

1983  Gulf Air Flight 771 is bombed, killing all 117 people on board.

1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

Saint Kitts and Nevis:

Permanent Mission of Saint Kitts and Nevis:

1983  Gerrie Coetzee of South Africa becomes the first African boxing world heavyweight champion.

1982  US performs nuclear test (underground) at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1980  Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh.

1973  Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

1969  The Chicago Eight trial opens in Chicago.

1959  Iowa farmer and corn breeder Roswell Garst hosts Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev.

1958  US performs nuclear test (atmospheric) at Nevada Test Site.

Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site:

Atmospheric/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1952  Richard Nixon makes his “Checkers speech“.

1950  Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurred.

Battle of Hill 282:

Korean War:

Korean War Timelines:

1943  World War II: The Nazi puppet state the Italian Social Republic is founded.

Italian Social Republic:

1942  World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

1938  Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Crisis.

Munich Crisis of 1938:

1936  First ascent of Siniolchu by a German team.

1932  The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

1913  Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).

1911  Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department

1905  Norway and Sweden sign the “Karlstad treaty”, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

1899  American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

1868  Grito de Lares (“Lares Revolt”) occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

1846  Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.

1812  Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

Greek War of Independence:

Modern History of Greece:

1803  Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

1642  First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

Harvard College:

 

 

SEPTEMBER 24

2014  The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), a Mars orbiter launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), successfully inserted into orbit of Mars.

2013  A 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing more than 327 people.

2009  The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh with 30 global leaders in attendance. It marks the first use of LRAD in U.S. history.

2007  Between 30,000 and 100,000 people take part in anti-government protests in Yangon, Burma, the largest in 20 years.

2007 Anti-Government Protests in Myanmar/Burma:

1996  Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty:

1993  The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as king.

Norodom Sihanouk:

Cambodia:

Modern History of Cambodia:

Economy of Cambodia:

1990  Periodic Great White Spot is observed on Saturn.

Great White Spot on Saturn:

1987  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1983  USSR performs underground nuclear tests.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1983:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1982  The Wimpy Operation, first act of resistance against Israeli troops in Beirut

1981  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Tests and the Nevada Nuclear Test Site:

1979  CompuServe launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first public electronic mail service.

1979  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

1975  Dougal Haston and Doug Scott on the Southwest Face expedition become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest by any of its faces.

1973  Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal.

1968  Swaziland joins the United Nations.

Swaziland, Its History, and Culture:

Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations:

1968  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1962  United States court of appeals orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith.

1960  USS Enterprise, the world’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched.

1957  President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation.

1957  Camp Nou, the largest stadium in Europe, is opened in Barcelona.

1951  USSR atmospheric performs nuclear test in Siberia, USSR.

USSR Atomic Bomb Project:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1950  Forest fires black out the sun over portions of Canada and New England. A blue moon is seen as far away as Europe.

1948  The Honda Motor Company is founded.

Honda Motor Company:

1946  Clark Clifford and George Elsey, military advisers to US President Harry S. Truman, present him with a top-secret report on the Soviet Union that first recommends the containment policy.

1946  Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong.

Cathay Pacific:

1935  Earl Bascom and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights at Columbia, Mississippi

1932  Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the “Depressed Classes” (Untouchables).

Poona Pact:

Philosophy of Gandhi, and the Principle of Equality of People:

Controversies of Gandhi’s Philosophy over the Removal of the Untouchability:

1914  World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins.

Siege of Przemyśl:

Poland and Russia:

History of Poland:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

1906  US President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation’s first National Monument.

Devils Tower:

1890  The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy.

1877  Battle of Shiroyama, decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion

1873  Establishment of “Satyashodhak Samaj“, (Truth-seeker Movement) at Pune, Maharashtra, India by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule.

Satyashodhak Samaj:

Jyotirao Phule:

1869  “Black Friday“: Gold prices plummet after Ulysses S. Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.

Black Friday of 1869:

 

 

SEPTEMBER 25

2009  US President Barack Obama, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, in a joint TV appearance for a G-20 summit, accuse Iran of building a secret nuclear enrichment facility.

2008  China launches the spacecraft Shenzhou 7.

2002  The Vitim event, a possible bolide impact in Siberia, Russia.

1996  The last of the Magdalene asylums closes in Ireland.

1990  UN Security Council vote 14-1 to impose air embargo against Iraq.

UN Security Council on Air Embargo against Iraq of 1990:

1983  USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

1982  USSR performs underground nuclear test at Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1982:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1981  Belize joins the United Nations.

Belize:

Foreign Relations of Belize:

Economy of Belize:

History and Culture of Belize:

Permanent Mission of Belize to the United Nations:

1980  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalatinsk USSR.

USSR Nuclear Tests in 1980:

USSR Nuclear Tests Overview:

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:

Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk:

1980  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

US Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

Nevada Test Site:

Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:

1974  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

1972  In a referendum, the people of Norway reject membership of the European Community.

1970  Cease-fire between Jordan and the Fedayeen ends fighting triggered by four hijackings on September 6 and 9.

1969  The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed.

1964  The Mozambican War of Independence against Portugal begins.

1963  Lord Denni1964   ng releases the UK government’s official report on the Profumo Affair.

1962  The North Yemen Civil War begins when Abdullah as-Sallal dethrones the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declares Yemen a republic under his presidency.

1962  The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas is elected President of the provisional government.

1959  Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka is mortally wounded by a Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day.

1957  Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, is integrated by the use of United States Army troops.

1956  TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated.

1955  The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.

1944  World War II: Surviving elements of the British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem in the Netherlands, thus ending the Battle of Arnhem and Operation Market Garden.

1942  World War II: Swiss Police Instruction of September 25, 1942: This instruction denied entry into Switzerland to Jewish refugees.

1937  Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan.

Battle of Pingxingguan of 1937:

Second Sino-Japanese War:

Japan’s Atrocities against Muslims during the Second Sino-Japanese War:

Second Sino-Japanese War Timeline:

First Sino-Japanese War:

1929  Jimmy Doolittle performs the first blind flight from Mitchel Field proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible.

1926  The international Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed.

Text of the Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery (a.k.a. 1926 Slavery Convention):

Text of the Protocol Amending the Slavery Convention of 1926:

Text of the Supplementary Convention on the Slavery Convention of 1926:

Commentaries on the 1926 Slavery Convention:

1915  World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins.

Battles of Champagne:

Second Battle of Champagne:

1912  Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City.

1906  In the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Leonardo Torres Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of the Telekino in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore, in what is considered the birth of the remote control.

1890  The United States Congress establishes Sequoia National Park.

1846  US forces led by Zachary Taylor capture the Mexican city of Monterrey.

1804  The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a toll for allowing the expedition to move further upriver.

1789  The United States Congress passes twelve amendments to the United States Constitution: The Congressional Apportionment Amendment (which was never ratified), the Congressional Compensation Amendment, and the ten that are known as the Bill of Rights.

1555  The Peace of Augsburg is signed in Augsburg by Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.

1396  Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.

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(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/september19   to_september_25; http://www.onthisday.com/events/september/19   to september/25;   http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/september_25.html.   to september_25.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace”.

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, science and technology, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 19 Sep 2016.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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