This Week in History

HISTORY, 9 Nov 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Nov 9–15

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

“Decide to be happy. Render others happy. Proclaim your joy. Love passionately your miraculous life. Do not listen to promises. Do not wait for a better world. Be grateful for every moment of life.” – Robert Müller

NOVEMBER 9

2012  At least 27 people are killed and dozens are wounded in conflicts between inmates and guards at Welikada prison in Colombo.

2007  The German Bundestag passes the controversial data retention bill mandating storage of citizens’ telecommunications traffic data for six months without probable cause.

2005  The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

2005  Suicide bombers attacked three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 60 people.

1998  A US federal judge orders 37 US brokerage houses to pay 1.03 billion United States dollars to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for price fixing. This is the largest civil settlement in United States history.

1998  Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences.

1994  The chemical element darmstadtium is discovered.

1993  Stari Most, the “old bridge” in Bosnian Mostar built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing.

1989  Cold War: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to West Germany. This key event led to the eventual reunification of East and West Germany, and fall of communism in eastern Europe including Russia.

1985  Garry Kasparov, 22, of the Soviet Union becomes the youngest World Chess Champion by beating Anatoly Karpov, also of the Soviet Union.

1979  Nuclear false alarm: the NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early-warning radars, the alert is cancelled.

1972  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1970  OPEC meeting in Caracas establishes 55 percent as minimum tax rate and demands that posted prices be changed to reflect changes in foreign exchange rates.

1970  Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6 to 3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.

1968  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1967  Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft atop the first Saturn V rocket from Cape Kennedy, Florida.

1965  The Catholic Worker Movement member Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building.

1963  At Miike coal mine, Miike, Japan, an explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning.

Mitsui Miike Coal Mine disaster of 1963:

1962  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1960  Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Co., the first non-Ford to serve in that post. A month later, he resigned to join the administration of newly elected John F. Kennedy.

1957  1st Japanese ambassador to Israel.

Israel-Japan Relations:

Jews and Japan:

Chiuné Sugihara:

Jews and Ancient Japan:

1953  Cambodia gains independence from France.

History of Cambodia:

Foreign Relations of Cambodia:

Cambodia:

Economy of Cambodia:

1940  Warsaw is awarded the Virtuti Militari.

1938  The Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath dies from the fatal gunshot wounds of Jewish resistance fighter Herschel Grynszpan, an act which the Nazis used as an excuse to instigate the 1938 national pogrom, also known as Kristallnacht (Crystal Night).

Kristallnacht:

1937  Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China.

Japan’s Shanghai Attack and Occupation:

History of Shanghai:

1923  In Munich, Germany, police and government troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria. The failed coup is the work of the Nazis.

1921  The Italian National Fascist Party comes into existence.

1918  Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.

1917  Joseph Stalin enters the provisional government of Bolshevik Russia.

1906  Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal.

1867  Tokugawa shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration.

1851  Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.

1848  Robert Blum, a German revolutionary, is executed in Vienna.

1822  The Action of 9 November 1822 between USS Alligator and a squadron of pirate schooners off the coast of Cuba.

1799  Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming one of its three Consuls (Consulate Government).

1791  Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen.

1764  Mary Campbell, a captive of the Lenape during the French and Indian War, is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet.

1729  Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville.

1720  The synagogue of Judah HeHasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem.

 

 

NOVEMBER 10

WORLD SCIENCE DAY FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

2009  Ships of the South and North Korean navies skirmish off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.

2008  Over five months after landing on Mars, NASA declares the Phoenix mission concluded after communications with the lander were lost.

2007  Ten to forty thousand people march toward the royal palace of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur to hand over a memorandum to the King demanding electoral reform.

2006  Sri Lankan Tamil Parliamentarian Nadarajah Raviraj is assassinated in Colombo.

1997  WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).

1995  In Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop), are hanged by government forces.

Human Rights in Nigeria:

Nigeria:

Foreign Relations of Nigeria:

Nigeria and the United Nations:

History of Nigeria:

Economy of Nigeria:

1989  German citizens begin to bring the Berlin Wall down.

The Fall of the Belin Wall:

German Reunification:

Germany:

Foreign Relations of Germany:

History of Germany:

Economy of Germany:

1989  The longtime leader of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov is removed from office and replaced by Petar Mladenov.

1983  Bill Gates introduces Windows 1.0.

1979  A 106-car Canadian Pacific freight train carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals from Windsor, Ontario, Canada derails in Mississauga, Ontario, just west of Toronto, causing a massive explosion and the largest peacetime evacuation in Canadian history and one of the largest in North American history.

1975  United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, is adopted on November 10, 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), “determine[d] that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination”.

1975  PLO leader Yasser Arafat addresses UN in NYC.

Yasser Arafat and the PLO:

1972  Southern Airways Flight 49 from Birmingham, Alabama is hijacked and, at one point, is threatened with crashing into the nuclear installation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. After two days, the plane lands in Havana, Cuba, where the hijackers are jailed by Fidel Castro.

1971  In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack the city of Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine aircraft.

Khmer Rouge:

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) or a.k.a. Khmer Rouge Tribunal:

For some more pertinent information on international criminal justice and pertinent international and/or hybrid judicial institutions, see “JULY 1, 2002  The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. (= The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court comes into force.)”.

Cambodia:

Foreign Relations of Cambodia:

History of Cambodia:

Economy of Cambodia:

1970  The Soviet lunar probe Lunokhod 1 is launched.

1970  Vietnam War: Vietnamization: For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.

1969  National Educational Television (the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service) in the United States debuts the children’s television program Sesame Street.

1954  US President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.

1951  With the rollout of the North American Numbering Plan, direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.

1945  Heavy fighting in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, today celebrated as Heroes’ Day (Hari Pahlawan).

History of Indonesia:

1944  The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, Admiralty Islands, killing at least 432 and wounding 371.

1942  World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan‘s agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

Vichy Regime and the Holocaust in France:

1940  The 1940 Vrancea earthquake strikes Romania killing an estimated 1,000 and injuring approximately 4,000 more.

1918  The Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, receives a top-secret coded message from Europe (that would be sent to Ottawa and Washington, D.C.) that said on November 11, 1918, all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

1821  Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which lead to Panama’s independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia

1793  A Goddess of Reason is proclaimed by the French Convention at the suggestion of Pierre Gaspard Chaumette.

1702  English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne’s War.

1674  Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England.

 

 

NOVEMBER 11

2004  The Palestine Liberation Organization confirms the death of Yasser Arafat from unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.

2004  New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington.

1993  A sculpture honoring women who served in the Vietnam War is dedicated at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.

1992  The General Synod of the Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.

1981  Antigua and Barbuda joins the United Nations.

Antigua and Barbuda:

Foreign Relations of Antigua and Barbuda:

Antigua and Barbuda and the United Nations:

History of Antigua and Barbuda:

Economy of Antigua and Barbuda:

1975  Independence of Angola.

Independence of Angola:

Angola:

Foreign Relations of Angola:

History of Angola:

Economy of Angola:

1975  Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam, appoints Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister and announces a general election to be held in early December.

1972  Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.

Vietnam War:

1968  A second republic is declared in the Maldives.

Second Republic of Maldives:

History of Maldives:

Maldives:

Foreign Relations of Maldives:

Economy of Maldives:

1968  Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.

1967  Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to “new left” antiwar activist Tom Hayden.

1966  NASA launches Gemini 12.

1965  In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.

1962  Kuwait‘s National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.

1961  Thirteen Italian Air Force servicemen, deployed to the Congo as a part of the UN peacekeeping force are massacred by a mob in the course of the Kindu atrocity.

1960  A military coup against President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam is crushed.

1942  World War II: Nazi Germany completes its occupation of France.

1940  The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.

1940  World War II: Battle of Taranto – The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.

1934  The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia is opened.

1930  Patent number US1781541 is awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.

1926  The United States Numbered Highway System, including US Route 66, is established.

1921  The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.

1919  Lāčplēša day – Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence.

History of Latvia:

Latvia:

Foreign Relations of Latvia:

Economy of Latvia:

1919  The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.

1918  Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.

1918  Józef Piłsudski assumes supreme military power in Poland – symbolic first day of Polish independence.

1918  World War I: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car in the forest of Compiègne, France. The fighting officially ends at 11:00 a.m., (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month) and this is commemorated annually with a two minute silence. The war officially ends on the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.

The End of the World War I:

Kaiser Wilhelm II:

Aftermath of World War I:

Treaty of Versailles:

Treaty of Versailles and the Origins of the “Crimes of Aggression” or the “Crimes against Peace”:

“Crimes against Peace” a.k.a. “Crimes of Aggression”:

1887  Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal begins at Eastham.

1887  Anarchist Haymarket Martyrs August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.

1880  Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.

1869  The Victorian Aboriginal Protection Act is enacted in Australia, giving the government control of indigenous people’s wages, their terms of employment, where they could live, and of their children, effectively leading to the Stolen Generations.

1865  Treaty of Sinchula is signed by which Bhutan cedes the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.

Treaty of Sinchula:

History of Bhutan:

 

 

NOVEMBER 12

INTERNATIONAL PNEUMONIA DAY

2014  The Philae lander, deployed from the European Space Agency‘s Rosetta probe, reaches the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

2011 Silvio Berlusconi tenders his resignation as Prime Minister of Italy, effective November 16, due in large part to the European sovereign debt crisis.

2003  Shanghai Transrapid sets a new world speed record (501 kilometres per hour (311 mph)) for commercial railway systems, which remains the fastest for unmodified commercial rail vehicles.

2003  Iraq War: In Nasiriyah, Iraq, at least 23 people, among them the first Italian casualties of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, are killed in a suicide bomb attack on an Italian police base.

2001  War in Afghanistan: Taliban forces abandon Kabul, ahead of advancing Afghan Northern Alliance troops.

2001  In New York City, American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300 en route to the Dominican Republic, crashes minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing all 260 on board and five on the ground.

1999  The Düzce earthquake strikes Turkey with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale.

1997  Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

1996  A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Ilyushin Il-76 cargo plane collide in mid-air near New Delhi, killing 349. The deadliest mid-air collision to date.

1991  Santa Cruz massacre: Indonesian forces open fire on a crowd of student protesters in Dili, East Timor.

1990  Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.

1990  Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch.

1988  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1982  In the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party’s Central Committee, succeeding Leonid I. Brezhnev.

1982  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1981  Space Shuttle program: Mission STS-2, utilizing the Space Shuttle Columbia, marks the first time a manned spacecraft is launched into space twice.

1980  The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn and takes the first images of its rings.

1979  Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all petroleum imports into the United States from Iran.

1978  Pope John Paul II takes possession of his Cathedral Church, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, as the Bishop of Rome.

1975  The Comoros joins the United Nations.

1971  Vietnam War: As part of Vietnamization, US President Richard Nixon sets February 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from Vietnam.

1970  The 1970 Bhola cyclone makes landfall on the coast of East Pakistan becoming the deadliest tropical cyclone in history.

1970  The Oregon Highway Division attempts to destroy a rotting beached Sperm whale with explosives, leading to the now infamous “exploding whale” incident.

1969  Vietnam War: My Lai Massacre – Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai story.

1968  Equatorial Guinea joins the United Nations.

Equatorial Guinea:

Foreign Relations of Equatorial Guinea:

Equatorial Guinea and the United Nations:

History of Equatorial Guinea:

Economy of Equatorial Guinea:

1958  A team of rock climbers led by Warren Harding completes the first ascent of The Nose on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley.

1956  In the midst of the Suez Crisis, Palestinian refugees are shot dead in the village of Rafah by Israeli soldiers following the invasion of the Gaza Strip.

1956  Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia join the United Nations.

Morocco:

Foreign Relations of Morocco:

Morocco and the United Nations:

Human Rights in Morocco:

History of Morocco:

Economy of Morocco:

Sudan:

Foreign Relations of Sudan:              

Sudan and the United Nations:

Human Rights in Sudan:

History of Sudan:

Economy of Sudan:

Tunisia:

Foreign Relations of Tunisia:

Tunisia and the United Nations:

Human Rights in Tunisia:

History of Tunisia:

Economy of Tunisia:

1948  In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki TOJO, to death for their roles in World War II.

International Military Tribunal for the Far East:

Hideki TOJO:

Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East:

Judgement by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and Other Pertinent Documents:

Radhabinod Pal and His Judgement:

War Crimes:

History of War Crimes:

Development of the “Crimes of Aggression” or the “Crimes against Peace” in Modern Times:

Some Pertinent Articles:

1945 Sudirman is elected the first commander-in-chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces.

1944 World War II: The Royal Air Force launches 29 Avro Lancaster bombers, which sink the German battleship Tirpitz, with 12,000 lb Tallboy bombs off Tromsø, Norway.

1942 World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for three days and ends with an American victory.

Guadalcanal Naval Battle:

1941 World War II: The Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina is destroyed during the Battle of Sevastopol.

1941  World War II: Temperatures around Moscow drop to -12 °C as the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

1940  World War II: Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov arrives in Berlin to discuss the possibility of the Soviet Union joining the Axis Powers.

1940  World War II: The Battle of Gabon ends as Free French Forces take Libreville, Gabon, and all of French Equatorial Africa from Vichy French forces.

1936  In California, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.

1933  Hugh Gray takes the first known photos alleged to be of the Loch Ness Monster.

1928  SS Vestris sinks approximately 200 miles (320 km) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, killing at least 110 passengers, mostly women and children who die after the vessel is abandoned.

1927  Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin in undisputed control of the Soviet Union.

1920  Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo.

1918  Austria becomes a republic.

Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:

History of the Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:

1912  The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

1912  King George I of Greece makes a triumphal entry into Thessaloniki after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule.

1905  Norway holds a referendum in favor of monarchy over republic.

1893  The treaty of the Durand Line delineating the border between present day Pakistan and Afghanistan is signed by Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat in British India, and the Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan; the Durand Line has gained international recognition as an international border between the two nations.

 

 

NOVEMBER 13

WORLD KINDNESS DAY

2012  A total solar eclipse occurred in parts of Australia and the South Pacific.

2007  Russia officially withdraws from the Soviet-era Batumi military base, Georgia.

2002  Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441.

2001  War on Terror: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.

2000  Philippine House Speaker Manny Villar passes the articles of impeachment against Philippine President Joseph Estrada.

1997  UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) pulls out arms inspection teams from Iraq.

1995  A truck-bomb explodes outside of a US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing five Americans and two Indians. A group called the Islamic Movement for Change claims responsibility.

1994  In a referendum, voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union.

1992  The High Court of Australia rules in Dietrich v The Queen that although there is no absolute right to have publicly funded counsel, in most circumstances a judge should grant any request for an adjournment or stay when an accused is unrepresented.

1990  In Aramoana, New Zealand, David Gray shoots dead 13 people in a massacre before being tracked down and killed by police the next day.

1989  Hans-Adam II, the present Prince of Liechtenstein, begins his reign on the death of his father.

1988  Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian law student in Portland, Oregon is beaten to death by members of the Neo-Nazi group East Side White Pride.

1986  The Compact of Free Association becomes law, granting the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands independence from the United States.

1985  Xavier Suárez is sworn in as Miami‘s first Cuban-born mayor.

1985  The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts and melts a glacier, causing a lahar (volcanic mudslide) that buries Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people.

1982  The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.

1974  Ronald DeFeo, Jr. murders his entire family in Amityville, Long Island in the house that would become known as The Amityville Horror.

1969  Vietnam War: Anti-war protesters in Washington, D C stage a symbolic March Against Death.

1966  In response to Fatah raids against Israelis near the West Bank border, Israel launches an attack on the village of As-Samu.

1956  The Supreme Court of the United States declares Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1950  General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela, is assassinated in Caracas.

1947  The Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles.

1942  World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal: US and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Guadalcanal Campaign.

Guadalcanal Naval Battle:

1941  World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day.

1940  Walt Disney‘s animated musical film Fantasia is first released, on the first night of a roadshow at New York’s Broadway Theatre.

1918  Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire and World War I:

History of the Ottoman Empire:

1916  Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.

1914  – Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.

1901  The 1901 Caister Lifeboat Disaster.

1887  Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.

1864  The new Constitution of Greece is adopted.

Modern History of Greece:

1841  James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.

1553  Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer and four others, including Lady Jane Grey, are accused of high treason and sentenced to death under Catholic Queen “Bloody” Mary I.

 

 

NOVEMBER 14

WORLD DIABETES DAY

2012  Israel launches a major military operation in the Gaza Strip, as hostilities with Hamas escalate.

2008  The first G-20 economic summit opens in Washington, D.C.

2003  Astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L. Rabinowitz discover 90377 Sedna, a Trans-Neptunian object.

2001  War in Afghanistan: Afghan Northern Alliance fighters take over the capital Kabul.

War in Afghanistan (Afghanistan War) 2001 – 2014:

War on Terrorism:

1995  A budget standoff between Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Congress forces the federal government to temporarily close national parks and museums and to run most government offices with skeleton staffs.

1991  In Royal Oak, Michigan, a fired United States Postal Service employee goes on a shooting rampage, killing four and wounding five before committing suicide.

1991 Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after thirteen years of exile.

1991  American and British authorities announce indictments against two Libyan intelligence officials in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103.

1990  After German reunification, the Federal Republic of Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the Oder–Neisse line as the border between Germany and Poland.

1984  Zamboanga City mayor Cesar Climaco, a prominent critic of the government of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, is assassinated in his home city.

1982  Lech Wałęsa, the leader of Poland’s outlawed Solidarity movement, is released after eleven months of internment near the Soviet border.

History of Solidarity Trade Union of Poland:

1980  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1979  Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States in response to the hostage crisis.

1975  Spain abandons Western Sahara.

1971  Mariner 9 enters orbit around Mars.

1971  Enthronment of Pope Shenouda III as Pope of Alexandria.

1970  Southern Airways Flight 932 crashes in the mountains near Huntington, West Virginia, killing 75, including members of the Marshall University football team.

1970  Soviet Union enters ICAO, making Russian the fourth official language of organization.

1969  Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the second crewed mission to the surface of the Moon.

1967  American physicist Theodore Maiman is given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world’s first laser.

1967  The Congress of Colombia, in commemoration of the 150 years of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as “Day of the Colombian Woman”.

1965  US government sends 90,000 soldiers to Vietnam.

1965  Vietnam War: The Battle of Ia Drang begins – the first major engagement between regular American and North Vietnamese forces.

Battle of Ia Drang:

Vietnam War in 1965:

1957  The Apalachin Meeting outside Binghamton, New York is raided by law enforcement, and many high level Mafia figures are arrested.

1952  The first regular UK Singles Chart published by the New Musical Express.

1941  World War II: In Slonim, German forces engaged in Operation Barbarossa murder 9,000 Jews in a single day.

1941  World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sinks due to torpedo damage from the German submarine U-81 sustained on November 13.

1940  World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed.

1922  The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom.

1921  Foundation of the Communist Party of Spain.

1918  Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.

Czechoslovakia:

History of Czechoslovakia:

1916  World War I: The Battle of the Somme ends.

1910  Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first take off from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia. He took off from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in a Curtiss pusher.

1889  Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (aka Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in 72 days.

 

 

NOVEMBER 15

DAY OF THE IMPRISONED WRITER

2012  Xi Jinping becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and a new seven-member Politburo Standing Committee is inaugurated.

2007  Cyclone Sidr hits Bangladesh, killing an estimated 5,000 people and destroying parts of the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans.

2006  Al Jazeera English launches worldwide.

2003  The first day of the 2003 Istanbul bombings, in which two car bombs, targeting two synagogues, explode, killing 25 people and wounding about 300. Additional bombings follow on November 20.

2002  Hu Jintao becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and a new nine-member Politburo Standing Committee is inaugurated.

2000  A chartered Antonov An-24 crashes after takeoff from Luanda, Angola, killing more than 40 people.

1990  The Communist People’s Republic of Bulgaria is disestablished and a new republican government is instituted.

1990  Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis launches with flight STS-38.

1988  Israeli–Palestinian conflict: An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council.

1988  In the Soviet Union, the unmanned Shuttle Buran makes its only space flight.

1987  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1987  In Brașov, Romania, workers rebel against the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu.

1985  The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed at Hillsborough Castle by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.

1983  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded. Recognized only by Turkey.

1979  A package from Unabomber Ted Kaczynski begins smoking in the cargo hold of a flight from Chicago to Washington, D.C., forcing the plane to make an emergency landing.

1978  A chartered Douglas DC-8 crashes near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing 183.

1976  René Lévesque and the Parti Québécois take power to become the first Quebec government of the 20th century clearly in favor of independence.

1971  Intel releases the world’s first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004.

1969  Vietnam War: In Washington, DC, 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war, including a symbolic “March Against Death”.

Vietnam War:

Anti-Viet Nam War Movement or Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War:

1969  Cold War: The Soviet submarine K-19 collides with the American submarine USS Gato in the Barents Sea.

1967  The only fatality of the North American X-15 program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of his aircraft which is destroyed mid-air over the Mojave Desert.

1966  Project Gemini: Gemini 12 completes the program’s final mission, when it splashes down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.

1959  The murders of the Clutter Family in Holcomb, Kansas, which inspired Truman Capote’s non-fiction book In Cold Blood.

1955  The first part of Saint Petersburg Metro is opened.

1951  Greek resistance leader Nikos Beloyannis, along with 11 resistance members, is sentenced to death by the court-martial.

1949  Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.

1945  Venezuela joins the United Nations.

Venezuela:

Foreign Relations of Venezuela:

Venezuela and the United Nations:

History of Venezuela:

Economy of Venezuela:

1943  The Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies are to be put “on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps“. (See Porajmos.)

1942  World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a decisive Allied victory.

Guadalcanal Naval Battle:

1939  In Washington, DC, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.

1935  Manuel L Quezon is inaugurated as the second President of the Philippines.

1926  The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations.

1922  Over 1,000 are massacred during a general strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

1920  The Free City of Danzig is established.

1920  First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, Switzerland.

1889  Brazil is declared a republic by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup.

1859  The first modern revival of the Olympic Games takes place in Athens, Greece.

1806  Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike sees a distant mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. (It is later named Pikes Peak.)

1791  The first U.S. Catholic college, Georgetown University, opens its doors.

1705  Battle of Zsibó: Austrian–Danish victory over the Kurucs (Hungarians).

______________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/november_9   to _15; http://www.historyorb.com/events/november/9   to /15; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/november_9.html to 15.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace” through peace journalism.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 9 Nov 2015.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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