This Week in History

HISTORY, 23 Nov 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

TWH logo history

Nov 23-29

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:

When in doubt, tell the truth.” – Mark Twain

 

NOVEMBER 23

2011  Arab Spring: After 11 months of protests in Yemen, Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh signs a deal to transfer power to the vice president, in exchange for legal immunity.

2010  Bombardment of Yeonpyeong: North Korean artillery attack kills two civilians and two marines on Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea.

2009  The Maguindanao massacre occurs in Ampatuan, Maguindanao, Philippines

2006  A series of bombings kills at least 215 people and injures 257 others in Sadr City, making it the second deadliest sectarian attack since the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003.

2005  Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is elected president of Liberia and becomes the first woman to lead an African country.

2004  The Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi, the largest religious building in Georgia, is consecrated.

2003  Rose Revolution: Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.

2001  The Convention on Cybercrime is signed in Budapest, Hungary.

1996  Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125.

1993  Rachel Whiteread wins both the £20,000 Turner Prize award for best British modern artist and the £40,000 K Foundation art award for the worst artist of the year.

1992  The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, is introduced at COMDEX in Las Vegas, Nevada.

1985  Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while en route from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, Egyptian commandos storm the aircraft, but 60 people die in the raid.

1984  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1983  USSR leave weapon disarmament talks.

1981  Iran–Contra affair: Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

1980  A series of earthquakes in southern Italy kills approximately 3,000 people.

1979  In Dublin, Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten.

1976  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

For some more pertinent information, see “1984  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR”, as mentioned above.

1976  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1972  The Soviet Union makes its final attempt at successfully launching the N1 rocket.

1971  Representatives of the People’s Republic of China attend the United Nations, including the United Nations Security Council, for the first time.

1965  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

For some more pertinent information, see “1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site”, as mentioned above.

1963  The BBC broadcasts “An Unearthly Child” (starring William Hartnell), the first episode of the science-fiction television serial of the same name and the first episode of Doctor Who, which is now the world’s longest running science fiction drama.

1959  French President Charles de Gaulle declares in a speech in Strasbourg his vision for “Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals“.

1955  The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to that of Australia.

1946  French naval bombardment of Hai Phong, Vietnam, kills thousands of civilians. This was to lead to the First Indochina War.

1943  World War II: Tarawa and Makin atolls fall to American forces.

1943  World War II: The Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin.

1940  World War II: Romania becomes a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis powers.

1939  World War II: HMS Rawalpindi is sunk by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau.

1936  Life magazine is reborn as a photo magazine and enjoys instant success.

1934  – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, well within Ethiopian territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.

1924  Edwin Hubble‘s scientific discovery that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula within our galaxy, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe, was first published in a newspaper.

1914  Mexican Revolution: The last of U.S. forces withdraw from Veracruz, occupied seven months earlier in response to the Tampico Affair.

1910  Johan Alfred Ander becomes the last person to be executed in Sweden.

1810  Sarah Booth debuts at the Royal Opera House.

1808  French and Poles defeat the Spanish at battle of Tudela.

1733  The start of the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John in what was then the Danish West Indies.

1644  John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.

1531  The Second War of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland.

1510  First campaign of the Ottoman Empire against the Kingdom of Imereti (modern western Georgia). Ottoman armies sack the capital Kutaisi and burn Gelati Monastery.

 

 

NOVEMBER 24

2013  Iran signs an interim agreement with the P5+1 countries, limiting its nuclear program in exchange for reduced sanctions.

2012  A fire at a clothing factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, kills at least 112 people.

1976  The Çaldıran-Muradiye earthquake in eastern Turkey kills between 4,000 and 5,000 people.

1979  US admits troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic Agent Orange.

Also see “August 10, 1961 First use in Vietnam War of the Agent Orange by the US Army.”

Some Pertinent Information on “Agent Orange”:

Chemical Weapons and International Law:

1977  France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island.

Muruora:

France’s Nuclear Tests:

1974  Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover the 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, nicknamed “Lucy” (after The Beatles song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds“), in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia‘s Afar Depression.

1973  A national speed limit is imposed on the Autobahn in Germany because of the 1973 oil crisis. The speed limit lasts only four months.

1972  USSR performs underground nuclear two tests one in Orenburg, Russia, another in Kostanay, Kazahstan.

Orenburg:

USSR’s Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Effect and/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:

Underground Nuclear Tests:

1971  During a severe thunderstorm over Washington state, a hijacker calling himself Dan Cooper (aka D. B. Cooper) parachutes from a Northwest Orient Airlines plane with $200,000 in ransom money. He has never been found.

1969  Apollo program: The Apollo 12 command module splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean, ending the second manned mission to land on the Moon.

1966  – Bulgarian TABSO Flight 101 crashes near Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, killing all 82 people on board.

1965  Joseph-Désiré Mobutu seizes power in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and becomes President; he rules the country (which he renames Zaire in 1971) for over 30 years, until being overthrown by rebels in 1997.

1963  In the first live, televised murder, Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin of President John F Kennedy, is murdered two days after the assassination, by Jack Ruby in the basement of Dallas police department headquarters.

Assassination of John F Kennedy:

Why JFK Killed? Who Killed JFK? :

1962  The West Berlin branch of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany forms a separate party, the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin.

1944  World War II: Bombing of Tokyo: The first bombing raid against the Japanese capital from the east and by land is carried out by 88 American aircraft.

1943  World War II: The USS Liscome Bay is torpedoed near Tarawa and sinks, killing 650 men.

1941  World War II: The United States grants Lend-Lease to the Free French Forces.

1940  World War II: The First Slovak Republic becomes a signatory to the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis powers.

First Slovak Republic:

Slovakia and Jews:

History of Slovakia:

1935  The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its second congress.

1932  In Washington, DC, the FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (better known as the FBI Crime Lab) officially opens.

1922  Nine Irish Republican Army members are executed by an Irish Free State firing squad. Among them is author Robert Erskine Childers, who had been arrested for illegally carrying a revolver.

1917  In Milwaukee, nine members of the Milwaukee Police Department are killed by a bomb, the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history until the September 11 attacks in 2001.

1877  Anna Sewell‘s classic animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published.

1859  Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.

1850  Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf, Schleswig-Holstein.

1642  Abel Tasman becomes the first European to arrive at the island Van Diemen’s Land (later renamed Tasmania).

Tasmanian Aboriginal People:

Tasmanian Genocide

 

 

NOVEMBER 25

INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR THE ELIMIATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2009  Jeddah floods: Freak rains swamp the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during an ongoing Hajj pilgrimage. Three thousand cars are swept away and 122 people perish in the torrents, with 350 others missing.

2008  Cyclone Nisha strikes northern Sri Lanka, killing 15 people and displacing 90,000 others while dealing the region the highest rainfall in nine decades.

2000  The 2000 Baku earthquake, with a Richter magnitude of 7.0, leaves 26 people dead in Baku, Azerbaijan, and becomes the strongest earthquake in the region in 158 years.

1999  The United Nations establishes the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women to commemorate the murder of three Mirabal sisters for resistance against the Rafael Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic.

1996  An ice storm strikes the central U.S., killing 26 people. A powerful windstorm affects Florida and winds gust over 90 mph, toppling trees and flipping trailers.

1992  The Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with effect from January 1, 1993.

1987  Typhoon Nina pummels the Philippines with category 5 winds of 165 mph and a surge that destroys entire villages. At least 1,036 deaths are attributed to the storm.

1986  The King Fahd Causeway is officially opened in the Persian Gulf.

1986  Iran–Contra affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

1984  Thirty-six top musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio and record Band Aid‘s “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.

1981  Pope John Paul II appoints Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (the future Pope Benedict XVI) Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

1980  Coup in Burkina Faso abolishes constitution. Colonel Saye Zerbo overthrew President Lamizana in a bloodless coup.

History of Burkina Faso:

Burkina Faso:

Foreign Relations of Burkina Faso:

Economy of Burkina Faso:

1980  France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island.

Muruora:

France’s Nuclear Tests:

1977  Former Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., is found guilty by the Philippine Military Commission No. 2 and is sentenced to death by firing squad.

1975  Suriname gains independence from the Netherlands.

1973  George Papadopoulos, head of the military Regime of the Colonels in Greece, is ousted in a hardliners’ coup led by Brigadier General Dimitrios Ioannidis.

1970  In Japan, author Yukio Mishima and one compatriot commit ritualistic seppuku after an unsuccessful coup attempt.

1960  The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are assassinated.

1958  French Sudan gains autonomy as a self-governing member of the French Community.

French Sudan:

French Sudan, Independent as “Mali”:

Foreign Relations of Mali:

Mali and the United Nations:

US – Mali Military Relations/Cooperation:

History of Mali:

Economy of Mali:

1952  Korean War: After 42 days of fighting, the Battle of Triangle Hill ends as American and South Korean units abandon their attempt to capture the “Iron Triangle“.

Korean War in 1952:

Battle of Triangle Hill:

1952  Agatha Christie‘s murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London. It will become the longest continuously-running play in history.

1947  New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.

1947  Red Scare: The “Hollywood Ten” are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.

Hollywood Ten:

1943  World War II: Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina is re-established at the State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Ant-fascist Movement, and World War II:

1940  World War II: First flight of the de Havilland Mosquito and Martin B-26 Marauder.

1936  In Berlin, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, agreeing to consult on measures “to safeguard their common interests” in the case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation. The pact is renewed on the same day five years later with additional signatories.

Germany and Japan, and the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936:

1926  The deadliest November tornado outbreak in US history strikes on Thanksgiving Day. Twenty-seven twisters of great strength are reported in the Midwest, including the strongest November tornado, an estimated F4,that devastates Heber Springs, Arkansas. There are 51 deaths in Arkansas alone, 76 deaths and over 400 injuries in all.

1918  Vojvodina, formerly Austro-Hungarian crown land, proclaims its secession from Austria–Hungary to join the Kingdom of Serbia.

History of Vojvodina:

Kingdom of Serbia:

1917  World War I: German forces defeat Portuguese army of about 1200 at Negomano on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania.

Battle of Negomano:

1915  Albert Einstein presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Albert Einstein:

Einstein’s Papers:

On Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity:

1876  American Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife‘s sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River.

1839  A cyclone slams India with high winds and a 40-foot storm surge, destroying the port city of Coringa (which has never been completely rebuilt). The storm wave sweeps inland, taking with it 20,000 ships and thousands of people. An estimated 300,000 deaths result from the disaster.

1833  A massive undersea earthquake, estimated magnitude between 8.7-9.2, rocks Sumatra, producing a massive tsunami all along the Indonesian coast.

1795  Partitions of Poland: Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, is forced to abdicate and is exiled to Russia.

1759  An earthquake hits the Mediterranean destroying Beirut and Damascus and killing 30,000-40,000.

1758  French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. Later, Fort Pitt will be built nearby and grow into modern Pittsburgh.

1755  King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, now known as the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.

1667  A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people.

1491  The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada.

1343  A tsunami, caused by an earthquake in the Tyrrhenian Sea, devastates Naples (Italy) and the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places.

 

 

NOVEMBER 26

2012  Aam Aadmi Party Indian political party formally started.

2011  The Mars Science Laboratory launches to Mars with the Curiosity Rover.

2011  NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani checkpost in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others.

2008  Mumbai attacks by Pakistan-sponsored Lashkar-e-Taiba.

2004  The last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct.

2004  Ruzhou School massacre: A man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China.

2003  Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England.

Concorde’s Final Flight:

2000  George W Bush is certified the winner of Florida’s electoral votes by Katherine Harris, going on to win the United States presidential election, despite losing in the national popular vote.

US Presidential Election in 2000:

1998  Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland.

1991  National Assembly of Azerbaijan abolishes the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan and renames several cities back to their original names.

History of Azerbaijan:

Azerbaijan:

Foreign Relations of Azerbaijan:

Economy of Azerbaijan:

1990  The Delta II rocket makes its maiden flight.

1986  Iran–Contra affair: US President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission.

1983  Brink’s-Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are stolen from the Brink’s-Mat vault at Heathrow Airport.

1977  An unidentified hijacker named Vrillon, claiming to be the representative of the “Ashtar Galactic Command”, takes over Britain’s Southern Television for six minutes, starting at 5:12 pm.

1975  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1970  In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded.

1968  Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire. He is later awarded the Medal of Honor.

Vietnam War in 1968:

1965  In the Hammaguir launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1, on board.

1950  Korean War: Troops from the People’s Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces (Battle of the Ch’ongch’on River and Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict.

Korean War in 1950:

Korean War and the Chinese Intervention:

1949  The Constituent Assembly of India adopts the constitution presented by Dr. B R Ambedkar.

1944  World War II: Germany begins V-1 and V-2 attacks on Antwerp, Belgium.

1944 World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth’s shop in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people.

1943  World War II: HMT Rohna is sunk by the Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean north of Béjaïa, Algeria.

1942  World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia.

AVNOJ, Yugoslavia and World War II:

Yugoslavia during World War II:

History of Yugoslavia:

1939  Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later.

1922  The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor. (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so, but it was not widely distributed.)

1922  Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.

1918  The Montenegran Podgorica Assembly votes for a “union of the people”, declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia.

History of Montenegro:

Kingdom of Serbia:

1865  Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile.

1863  United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. (Since 1941, it has been on the fourth Thursday.)

1842  The University of Notre Dame is founded.

1825  At Union College in Schenectady, New York, a group of college students form the Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity.

1789  A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress.

1784  The Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States established.

1778  In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui.

 

 

NOVEMBER 27

2009  Nevsky Express bombing: A bomb explodes on the Nevsky Express train between Moscow and Saint Petersburg, derailing it and causing 28 deaths and 96 injuries.

2006  The Canadian House of Commons approves a motion tabled by Prime Minister Stephen Harper recognizing the Québécois as a nation within Canada.

2005  The first partial human face transplant is completed in Amiens, France.

2004  Pope John Paul II returns the relics of Saint John Chrysostom to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

2001  A hydrogen atmosphere is discovered on the extrasolar planet Osiris by the Hubble Space Telescope, the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet.

1999  The left-wing Labour Party takes control of the New Zealand government with leader Helen Clark becoming the first elected female Prime Minister in New Zealand’s history.

1997  Twenty-five are killed in the second Souhane massacre in Algeria.

1992  For the second time in a year, military forces try to overthrow president Carlos Andrés Pérez in Venezuela.

1991  The United Nations Security Council adopts Security Council Resolution 721, leading the way to the establishment of peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia.

1989  Avianca Flight 203: A Boeing 727 explodes in mid-air over Colombia, killing all 107 people on board and three people on the ground. The Medellín Cartel will claim responsibility for the attack.

1984  Under the Brussels Agreement signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain, the former agreed to enter into discussions with Spain over Gibraltar, including sovereignty.

1978  The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is founded in the city of Riha (Urfa) in Turkey.

1978  In San Francisco, city mayor George Moscone and openly gay city supervisor Harvey Milk are assassinated by former supervisor Dan White.

1975  The Provisional IRA assassinates Ross McWhirter, after a press conference in which McWhirter had announced a reward for the capture of those responsible for multiple bombings and shootings across England.

1973  Twenty-fifth Amendment: The United States Senate votes 92 to 3 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States. (On December 6, the House will confirm him 387 to 35).

1971  The Soviet space program‘s Mars 2 orbiter releases a descent module. It malfunctions and crashes, but it is the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars.

1968  Penny Ann Early became the first woman to play major professional basketball, for the Kentucky Colonels in an ABA game against the Los Angeles Stars.

1965  Vietnam War: The Pentagon tells US President Lyndon B. Johnson that if planned operations are to succeed, the number of American troops in Vietnam has to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000.

1963  The Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention is signed at Strasbourg.

1962  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1958  USSR abrogates Allied war-time agreements on control of Germany.

Occupied Germany and the Allied Agreement of September 20, 1945 over Germany:

Yalta Conference of 1945

1954  Alger Hiss is released from prison after serving 44 months for perjury.

1945  CARE (then the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe) was founded to a send CARE Packages of food relief to Europe after World War II.

1942  World War II: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.

1940  World War II: At the Battle of Cape Spartivento, the Royal Navy engages the Regia Marina in the Mediterranean Sea.

1940  In Romania, the ruling Iron Guard fascist party assassinates over 60 of arrested King Carol II of Romania‘s aides and other political dissidents, including former Prime Minister Nicolae Iorga.

1912  Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco.

1901  The US Army War College is established.

1895  At the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies.

1886  German judge Emil Hartwich sustains fatal injuries in a duel, which would become the background for Theodor Fontane‘s Effi Briest.

1868  American Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River: United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land.

1856  The Coup of 1856 leads to Luxembourg‘s unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary constitution.

1839  In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.

1830  Saint Catherine Labouré experiences a vision of the Blessed Virgin standing on a globe, crushing a serpent with her feet, and emanating rays of light from her hands.

1815  Adoption of Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland.

History of Poland:

1095  Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

 

 

NOVEMBER 28

2014  Gunmen set off three bombs at the central mosque in the northern city of Kano killing at least 120 people.

2002  Suicide bombers blow up an Israeli-owned hotel in Mombasa, Kenya; their colleagues fail in their attempt to bring down Arkia Israel Airlines Flight 582 with surface-to-air missiles.

1991  South Ossetia declares independence from Georgia.

1989  Cold War: Velvet Revolution – In the face of protests, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announces it will give up its monopoly on political power.

1986  OPEC reaches oil production accord.

Background:

1986  US Reagan administration exceeds SALT II arms limitations for 1st time.

SALT II:

1981  Our Lady of Kibeho: Schoolchildren in Kibeho, Rwanda, experience the first of a series of Marian apparitions.

1980  Iran–Iraq War: Operation Morvarid – The bulk of the Iraqi Navy is destroyed by the Iranian Navy in the Persian Gulf. (Commemorated in Iran as Navy Day.)

1979  Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 sightseeing flight over Antarctica, crashes into Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board.

1975  East Timor declares its independence from Portugal.

History of East Timor:

1972  Last executions in Paris: Claude Buffet and Roger Bontems are guillotined at La Santé Prison. The chief executioner is André Obrecht. (Bontems had been found innocent of murder, but as Buffet’s accomplice was condemned to death anyway)

1971  Wasfi al-Tal, Prime Minister of Jordan, is assassinated by the Black September unit of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

1971  Fred Quilt, a leader of the Tsilhqot’in First Nation suffers severe abdominal injuries allegedly caused by Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers; he dies two days later.

1966  Michel Micombero overthrows the monarchy of Burundi and makes himself the first president.

1966  Dominican Republic adopts constitution.

Constitution of the Dominican Republic:

History of Dominica:

Dominica:

Foreign Relations of Dominica:

Economy of Dominica:

1965  Vietnam War: In response to US President Lyndon B. Johnson’s call for “more flags” in Vietnam, Philippine President-elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.

1964  Vietnam War: National Security Council members agree to recommend that US President Lyndon B. Johnson adopt a plan for a two-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam.

1964  Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe toward Mars.

1960  Mauritania becomes independent of France.

1958  US reports 1st full-range firing of an ICBM.

ICBM:

1958  Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon become autonomous republics within the French Community.

French Colonial Empire in Africa:

History of Chad:

Chad:

Foreign Relations of Chad:

Economy of Chad:

History of the Republic of the Congo:

Republic of the Congo:

Foreign Relations of the Republic of the Congo

Economy of the Republic of the Congo:

History of Gabon:

Gabon:

Foreign Relations of Gabon:

Economy of Gabon:

1943  World War II: Tehran Conference – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran, to discuss war strategy.

1942  In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Cocoanut Grove nightclub kills 492 people.

1920  Irish War of Independence: Kilmichael Ambush – The Irish Republican Army ambush a convoy of British Auxiliaries and kill seventeen.

1919  Lady Astor is elected as a Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. She is the first woman to sit in the House of Commons. (Countess Markievicz, the first to be elected, refused to sit.)

1918  Bukovina votes for union with the Kingdom of Romania.

1917  The Estonian Provincial Assembly declares itself the sovereign power of Estonia.

1914  World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.

1912  Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.

1909  Sergei Rachmaninoff makes the debut performance of his Piano Concerto No. 3, considered to be one of the most technically challenging piano concertos in the standard classical repertoire.

1905  Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.

1899  The Second Boer War: a British column is engaged by Boer forces at the Battle of Modder River; although the Boers withdraw, the British suffer heavy casualties.

1893  New Zealand becomes the first country in which women vote in a national election.

1885  Bulgarian victory in the Serbo-Bulgarian War preserves the Unification of Bulgaria.

1843  Ka Lā Hui (Hawaiian Independence Day): The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.

1821  Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.

Greek War of Independence:

1821  Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia.

1814  The Times in London is for the first time printed by automatic, steam-powered presses built by the German inventors Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer, signaling the beginning of the availability of newspapers to a mass audience.

1811  Beethoven‘s Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, premieres at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig.

1785  The Treaty of Hopewell is signed.

 

 

NOVEMBER 29

INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY WITH THE PALESTINE PEOPLE

2014  Taiwan local elections, the Democratic Progressive Party won a landslide victory.

2013  LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470 crashes in Namibia, killing 33 people.

2009  Maurice Clemmons shoots and kills four police officers inside a coffee shop in Lakewood, Washington.

2007  An earthquake of magnitude 7.4 occurs off the northern coast of Martinique. This affects the Eastern Caribbean as far north as Puerto Rico and as far south as Trinidad.

2007  The Armed Forces of the Philippines lay siege to the Peninsula Manila after soldiers led by Senator Antonio Trillanes stage a mutiny.

1990  Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes two resolutions to restore international peace and security if Iraq does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by January 15, 1991.

1987  Korean Air Flight 858 explodes over the Thai–Burmese border, killing 115.

1986 The Surinamese military attacks the village of Moiwana during the Suriname Guerrilla War, killing at least 39 civilians, mostly women and children.

1983  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

1982  USSR performs underground nuclear test.

Note that although both This Day in History for 29th November (Part 2) and Brainy History November 29, 1982 indicate this underground test of USSR, this test is not mentioned in the list of 1982 Soviet nuclear test – Wikipedia.

1979  US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.

Nuclear Weapons and the United States:

1978  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

For some more pertinent information, see “1983 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR”, as mentioned above.

1972  Atari announces the release of Pong, the first commercially successful video game.

1971  USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR.

For some more pertinent information, see “1983 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR”, as mentioned above.

1967  Vietnam War: US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation.

McNamara’s Resignation:

Vietnam War in 1967:

Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:

Vietnam War Peace Talks/Negotiations:

For and Anti-Vietnam War Movements:

1965  The Canadian Space Agency launches the satellite Alouette 2.

1963  Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 crashes shortly after takeoff from Montreal-Dorval International Airport, killing all 118 people on board.

1963  US President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Warren Commission:

Warren Commission Report:

Assassination of John F Kennedy:

Why JFK Killed? Who Killed JFK? :

1961  Project Mercury: Mercury-Atlas 5 Mission – Enos, a chimpanzee, is launched into space. The spacecraft orbits the Earth twice and splashes down off the coast of Puerto Rico.

1952  Korean War: US President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a campaign promise by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.

1950  Korean War: North Korean and Chinese troops force United Nations forces to retreat from North Korea.

Korean War in 1950:

Korean War and the Chinese Intervention:

1947  First Indochina War: French forces carry out a massacre at Mỹ Trạch, Vietnam.

Indochina Wars:

First Indochina War:

My Trach Massacre:

1947  Partition Plan: The United Nations General Assembly approves a plan for the partition of Palestine.

UN Plan for the Partition of Palestine:

1946  The All Indonesia Centre of Labour Organizations (SOBSI) is founded in Jakarta.

1945  The Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia is declared.

History of Yugoslavia:

Constitutions of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia:

1944  World War II: Albania is liberated by partisan forces.

World War II and Albanian Partisans:

History of Albania:

1944  The first surgery (on a human) to correct blue baby syndrome is performed by Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas.

1943  World War II: The second session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ), held to determine the post-war ordering of the country, concludes in Jajce in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina.

AVNOJ, Yugoslavia and World War II:

1929  US Admiral Richard E. Byrd leads the first expedition to fly over the South Pole.

1893  The Ziqiang Institute, today known as Wuhan University, is founded by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing dynasty China, after his memorial to the throne is approved by the Qing Government.

1890  The Meiji Constitution (i.e. the Constitution of the Empire of Japan) goes into effect in Japan, and the first Diet convenes.

1885  End of Third Anglo-Burmese War, and end of Burmese monarchy.

Burmese Monarchy:

History of Burma/Myanmar:

1877  Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time.

1872  American Indian Wars: The Modoc War begins with the Battle of Lost River.

1864  American Indian Wars: Sand Creek massacre – Colorado volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre at least 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho noncombatants inside Colorado Territory.

1850  The treaty, Punctation of Olmütz, is signed in Olomouc. Prussia capitulates to Austria, which will take over the leadership of the German Confederation.

1847  Whitman massacre: Missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, causing the Cayuse War.

1847  The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour.

1830  November Uprising: An armed rebellion against Russia’s rule in Poland begins.

History of Poland:

Poland and Russia:

Poland:

Foreign Relations of Poland:

Economy of Poland:

1807  Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil: John VI of Portugal flees Lisbon from advancing Napoleonic forces during the Peninsular War, transferring the Portuguese court to Brazil.

1781  The crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance.

1777  San Jose, California, is founded as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by José Joaquín Moraga. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California.

1729  Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez, Mississippi.

______________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program/project officer, legal protection/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.  His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.  His interest and/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental/ecological issues, visual/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, he is currently compiling This Week in History on TMS.

(Sources and references: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/november_23   to_29; http://www.historyorb.com/events/november/23   to /29; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/november_23.html   to 29.html; and other pertinent web sites and/or documents, mentioned above.)

  1. The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.
  2. One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about “peace”, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external/outer peace and internal/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address “peace” through peace journalism.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 23 Nov 2015.

Anticopyright: Editorials and articles originated on TMS may be freely reprinted, disseminated, translated and used as background material, provided an acknowledgement and link to the source, TMS: This Week in History, is included. Thank you.

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