The Attainment of Peace: A Multidimensional Perspective

TRANSCEND MEMBERS, 25 Aug 2025

Prof Hoosen Vawda – TRANSCEND Media Service

This publication is rated for general readership. Parental guidance is recommended for minors.

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“A comprehensive analysis of the current state of global peace and peace theories proposed as antidotes, from antiquity through to the 21^st century, by giants of peace propagation”.^[1]

Prologue

Peace is a multifaceted concept[2] that transcends disciplines, cultures, and epochs. This presentation explores the foundational theories of peace, as articulated by pioneers in peace studies, palaeoanthropology[3], and spiritual-scientific integration. It culminates in the contemporary contributions of the author, whose works bridge traditional peace theory with modern media and technological tools.

Introduction

The study of peace has evolved from philosophical musings to a rigorous interdisciplinary field. This document presents key contributions from Johan Galtung[4], Antonio Carlos Rosa[5], Raymond Dart[6] (04 February 1893- 22 November 1988), Phillip Tobias[7], (14 October 1925–07^th June 2012) and integrates evolutionary and scriptural principles. It also highlights the emerging Solutions-Based Peace Journalism[8] model developed by the author, based on the great peace protagonists who laid the foundations for modern peace studies. Solutions-Based Peace Journalism, could offer a counter-narrative: that peace is not the absence of war, but the presence of justice, dialogue, and mutual respect for all of humanity and understanding. “If you want peace, prepare for peace”, emphasizing diplomacy, conflict prevention, and peacebuilding rather than militarization. This is in contrast to “If you want peace, prepare for war”, derived from the Latin Si vis pacem, para bellum[9], attributed to Roman military writer Flavius Vegetius Renatus [10]in his treatise De Re Militari[11]. Vegetius emphasized that military preparedness was essential to deter aggression and maintain peace. The author has written about Flavius, previously.[12],[13]

 This work is also a comprehensive synthesis of ancient and modern peace philosophies, weaving together the spiritual insights of Rishi Yajnavalkya[14] and the academic peace frameworks of Professor Johan Galtung[15]. It is rich in historical, ethical, and metaphysical reflections, and it offers a compelling call to action for humanity to realign with principles of Dharma[16], Ahimsa[17] (respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others.), and Positive Peace[18], as espoused by these great peace propagators.

Core Themes and Contributions:

1. Historical Continuity of Peace Disruption:
   • From Cain and Abel[19] to modern genocide[20]s, the paper traces the persistent thread of human violence and rapidly progressive moral decay, especially in the 21^st century.
   • The symbolic and literal implications of peace disruption are explored through religious, cultural, and geopolitical lenses[21].
2. Dual Pillars of Peace:
   • Yajnavalkya: Emphasizes the need for regular, “spiritual stocking” and renunciation of the pursuit of materialism, ethical living, and spiritual realization through the Upanishads.[22]
   • Galtung: Introduces Conflict and Peace Triangles, structural violence, and positive peace [23]as tools for modern peacebuilding.
3. The Peace Triangle Framework:
   • A proposed alternative to Galtung’s Conflict Triangle, emphasizing:
     • Shared Purpose
     • Positive Attitudes
     • Constructive Behaviours
   • This model integrates Ubuntu[24],[25] and offers a holistic approach to sustainable peace.
4. Interfaith and Seasonal Reflections:
   • The paper beautifully aligns the teachings of Yajnavalkya and Galtung with the spirit of Christmas, emphasizing compassion, justice, and nonviolence.
5. Call to Action:
   • The author makes a heartfelt appeal to readers and peace propagators to awaken from apathy and engage in ethical transformation, especially in the face of global atrocities.

In addition, the author explores the paradoxical nature of peace, as experienced by different groups in society, particularly the oppressor versus the oppressed[26].

Key Themes and Insights:

1. The Paradox of Peace

• The oppressor often enjoys a form of “peace” that is built on power, control, and subjugation.
• The oppressed, meanwhile, endure a “hellish peace”, a state of forced silence, suffering, and systemic injustice and climaxing in genocide.

2. Psychology of Oppression

• The paper introduces a theory of propensity of Peace Disruption, innately rooted in the primitive reptilian brain of Homo sapiens.[27]
• Oppression is categorized into mild, moderate, and severe/brutal, with examples ranging from microaggressions to genocidal violence.

3. Global and Domestic Examples

• The paper draws on historical and contemporary examples, including:
  • Apartheid South Africa[28],[29],[30],[31],[32]
  • Gender Based Abuse and Domestic Violence[33]
  • Ethnic cleansing[34]
  • Systemic racism and marginalization

4. Microaggressions and Subtle Oppression[35]

• Explores how implicit bias, tokenism, and social exclusion contribute to a broader system of oppression.
• These subtle forms of violence are often overlooked but have profound psychological and societal impacts.

5. Call for Ethical Awakening

• The author urges readers to recognize the false peace enjoyed by oppressors and to work toward true peace rooted in justice, dignity, humanism and equality.

Comparison: Peace Disruption Cycle [36]vs. Peace Triangle Framework[37]

Aspect	Peace Disruption Cycle (Hoosen Vawda’s Theory)	Peace Triangle (Proposed by Hoosen Vawda, inspired by Galtung)
Core Focus	How moral, structural, and cultural decay perpetuates violence and suffering	How ethical, inclusive, and compassionate principles foster sustainable peace
Cycle Components	1. Moral Erosion 2. Structural Violence 3. Cultural Prejudice 4. Peace Disruption 5. Human Suffering 6. Repetition of Wickedness	1. Shared Purpose 2. Positive Attitudes 3. Constructive Behaviours
Philosophical Roots	Dharma, Karma, Adharma, Upanishadic ethics, and socio-political critique	Ubuntu, Ahimsa, Vedantic unity[38], and Galtung’s Positive Peace
Outcome	Entrapment in cycles of oppression, genocide, and spiritual decay	Liberation through ethical living, reconciliation, and systemic transformation
Visual Shape	Circular (repetitive and degenerative)	Triangular (constructive and integrative)
Application	Diagnosis of global and personal peace disruption	Framework for peacebuilding and transformation

The author proposes an array of ethical, spiritual, and scientific insights, synthesized into a coherent framework that integrates:

• Peace Disruption Cycle
• Peace Triangle
• Sacred Rituals and Postures
• Photobionts and Biophotons
• Innate Human Proclivity Toward Peace

Unified Framework: The Bio-Spiritual Theory of Peace Propagation[39]

1. The Innate Proclivity Toward Peace

It is important to note that the author proposes that Humans, as created by the Divine, are biologically and spiritually encoded to pursue peace, righteousness, truth, and justice. This is evidenced by the intense emotional pain we feel when witnessing:

• Oppression
• Corruption
• Injustice
• Discrimination
• Xenophobia
• Violence and Abuse

This pain is not a flaw, it is a signal of our divine design, a moral compass embedded in our neurobiology and soul, encoded in the human genotype.[40]

2. Sacred Rituals and Postures as Peace Catalysts[41]

Across different religious traditions, ritual postures, such as sujood (prostration) in Islam, namaskar[42] in Hinduism, kneeling in Christianity, and shuckling in Judaism[43], are not merely symbolic. They:

• Activate neurophysiological pathways of humility and surrender.[44]
• Align the body with earth’s electromagnetic fields[45], enhancing biophoton emission.
• Create a resonance between the individual and the divine, fostering inner peace.

These rituals are evolutionary expressions of our peace-seeking nature.

3. Photobionts and Biophotons: Evolutionary Coding for Peace[46]

You hypothesize that photobionts (light-sensitive biological entities) and biophotons (ultra-weak photon emissions from living cells) are:

• Carriers of peace information encoded in our DNA.
• Activated during spiritual states, meditation, and rituals.
• Possibly linked to epigenetic expressions of compassion[47], empathy, and moral clarity.

This suggests that light itself, as a divine medium, is a messenger of peace within the human organism.[48]

4. Peace Disruption Cycle vs. Peace Triangle

Peace Disruption Cycle	Peace Triangle Framework
Begins with moral erosion	Begins with shared purpose
Spirals into structural and cultural violence	Builds through positive attitudes
Results in human suffering and repetition	Sustains through constructive behaviours
Fuelled by adharmic actions [49]and ignorance (irreligiosity)	Guided by dharma, ahimsa, and Ubuntu
Ends in existential despair	Leads to inner and outer harmony

The Moral Litmus Test of Humanity[50]

The author advisedly states:

“If you do not experience these feelings, then one is unworthy of being classified as a human.”

This is a moral litmus test, a diagnostic tool to assess whether one’s biophotonic and spiritual receptors are functioning[51]. A numbness to injustice[52] is not neutrality, it is diagnostic of advanced spiritual pathology, as exemplified in antiquity, medieval era and in the 21^st century by certain, world leaders.

Conclusion: Peace as the Divine Default[53]

The author’s synthesis reveals that peace is not an aspiration, it is our, HUMAN, default state, encoded in our biology, rituals, and divine design. Disruption of peace is a deviation from our true nature, and restoration requires:

• Spiritual alignment
• Ethical living
• Scientific understanding
• Compassionate action

Bio-Spiritual Peace Framework[54]:

1. Divine Design of Humans

• Premise: Humanoids are created by God with an innate proclivity toward peace, righteousness, truth, and justice.
• Source: Vawda, H. (2023). The Forgotten: Part 6. TRANSCEND Media Service[55].
• Annotation: This divine coding is evidenced by the emotional pain we feel when witnessing injustice. The absence of such pain signals a spiritual and moral deficiency and pathology. It is a disease.

2. Sacred Rituals and Postures[56]

• Examples: Sujood[57] (Islam), Namaskara (Hinduism), Kneeling (Christianity), Shuckling (Judaism).
• Function: These postures activate neuro-spiritual pathways, [58]aligning the body with divine resonance.
• Citation: Vawda, H. (2023). Peace Propagators Series. TRANSCEND Media Service.[59]
• Annotation: Rituals are not symbolic alone, they are biological activators of peace consciousness.

3. Photobionts and Biophotons[60]

• Definition: Photobionts are light-sensitive biological entities; biophotons are ultra-weak photon emissions from living cells.
• Hypothesis: These are evolutionary carriers of peace information, activated during spiritual states.
• Scientific Basis: Popp, F.A. (1992). Biophoton Emission and Biological Communication.[61]
• Annotation: Light is not just physical, it is spiritual information, encoded in our cells.

4. Peace Disruption Cycle

• Components: Moral Erosion → Structural Violence → Cultural Prejudice → Peace Disruption → Human Suffering → Repetition.
• Source: Vawda, H. (2023). Heavenly Peace of the Oppressor and Hellish Peace of the Oppressed. TRANSCEND Media Service.[62]
• Annotation: This cycle explains how peace is systematically dismantled through adharmic actions and societal decay.

5. Peace Triangle Framework

• Vertices: Shared Purpose, Positive Attitudes, Constructive Behaviours.
• Inspired by: Johan Galtung’s Conflict Triangle and Positive Peace Theory.
• Source: Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by Peaceful Means.[63]
• Annotation: This triangle offers a constructive alternative to the disruption cycle, rooted in ethics, compassion, and Ubuntu.

6. Ubuntu and Ethical Resonance[64]

• Philosophy: “I am because you are.” The self is insignificant without the other.
• Source: Mandela, N. (1994). Long Walk to Freedom.
• Annotation: Ubuntu reinforces the interconnectedness of peace, dignity, and shared humanity.

7. Moral Litmus Test

• Quote: “If you do not experience these feelings, then one is unworthy of being classified as a human.”
• Annotation: This is a diagnostic principle, a measure of one’s spiritual and ethical alignment with divine peace.

The above analysis can be coalesced with Johan Galtung’s Peace theories as collaborative practical peace attainment strategies. The author, has attempted to synthesis an ongoing peace continuum, as a practical and pragmatic tool, to ensure sustained endogenous and community peace. The author ha coalesce the Bio-Spiritual Peace Framework with Johan Galtung’s Peace Theories into a practical and pragmatic continuum is both visionary and timely. Below is a synthesized model that integrates the stated metaphysical insights with Galtung’s structural peacebuilding strategies.

The Peace Continuum[65]: A Practical Bio-Spiritual Strategy for Peace Attainment

1. Foundational Premise

Peace is not merely the absence of war (negative peace), but the presence of justice, dignity, and spiritual harmony (positive peace).

This continuum bridges:

• Galtung’s Peace Theory (Conflict Triangle, Positive Peace, Structural Violence)
• Vawda’s Bio-Spiritual Framework (Biophotons, Rituals, Ubuntu, Dharma, Moral Resonance)

Stages of the Peace Continuum

1. Awakening (Spiritual & Biological Activation)

• Trigger: Emotional pain from witnessing injustice.
• Mechanism: Activation of biophotons during sacred rituals and ethical reflection.
• Goal: Realization of one’s divine coding for peace.
• Galtung Parallel: Recognition of direct violence and its psychological impact.

2. Diagnosis (Conflict Mapping & Moral Discernment)

• Trigger: Identification of structural and cultural violence.
• Mechanism: Use of Galtung’s Conflict Triangle to analyse contradictions, attitudes, and behaviours.
• Goal: Understand root causes of peace disruption.
• Vawda Parallel: Peace Disruption Cycle analysis.

3. Resonance (Ethical Realignment & Ubuntu Activation)

• Trigger: Engagement in sacred postures and interfaith rituals.
• Mechanism: Cultivation of empathy, compassion, and shared purpose.
• Goal: Harmonize personal and communal energies.
• Galtung Parallel: Cultural peacebuilding and reconciliation.

4. Transformation (Structural Reform & Constructive Action)

• Trigger: Civic engagement, policy advocacy, and community healing.
• Mechanism: Implementing inclusive policies, education, and nonviolent conflict resolution.
• Goal: Replace structural violence with structural peace.
• Vawda Parallel: Constructive behaviours in the Peace Triangle.

5. Continuity (Peace Literacy and Biophotonic Sustainability)

• Trigger: Ongoing education, spiritual practice, and intergenerational transmission.
• Mechanism: Peace curricula, ritual preservation, and biophoton-enhancing lifestyles.
• Goal: Sustain peace across time and space.
• Galtung Parallel: Positive peace as a dynamic, evolving state.

 Practical Applications

• Community Outreach: Use rituals and storytelling to awaken moral consciousness.
• Education: Integrate peace theory with spiritual ethics in schools and universities.
• Healthcare: Promote biophoton-enhancing practices (e.g., meditation, ethical nutrition).
• Policy: Advocate for structural reforms rooted in compassion and justice.
• Interfaith Dialogue: Use sacred postures and shared values to build bridges.

The key points from the document titled “The Theories on Peace by Founders of Modern Peace Protagonists”:

Mega Giant of Peace Thinker: Professor Johan Galtung: “Exploring Negative and Positive Peace, Structural and Cultural Violence, and Conflict Transformation.”

Key Quotes:

• Positive Peace: The presence of social justice, equity, and harmonious relationships.

• Negative Peace: Defined as the absence of direct violence or war.

• Violence Typology:
  • Direct Violence: Physical harm.
  • Structural Violence: Systemic inequality embedded in social structures.
  • Cultural Violence: Norms and ideologies that legitimize violence.
• “Peace is not the absence of conflict, but the presence of creative alternatives.”
• “Structural violence is silent, invisible, and embedded in social structures.” Conflict Transformation: Emphasizes resolving underlying contradictions through empathy, creativity, and nonviolence.
• Peace as a Relationship: Peace is not a static state but a dynamic relation between parties, whether individuals or nations.

Giant of Peace Thinker: Professor Antonio Carlos Silva Rosa: Peace Journalism and Praxis

A close friend, collaborator and associate of Professor Galtung,

Known for:

• Peace Journalism: Advocates reporting that highlights solutions, empathy, and nonviolent responses rather than sensationalism and conflict.
• Transcend Network: Promotes peace through media, education, and grassroots activism.
• Philosophy of Transformation: Emphasizes inner peace, ecological balance, and micro-level conflict resolution as pathways to global peace.

1. Foundational Peace Theories and Thinkers

• Johan Galtung and Antonio Carlos Rosa are highlighted as modern peace protagonists.
• Contributions from physical paleo-anthropologists like Raymond Dart and Phillip Tobias are acknowledged, linking peace to evolutionary and scientific principles.
• Peace is also examined through scriptural lenses, suggesting a multidisciplinary foundation.

2. Historical Roots of Peace Thought

• Peace theories are traced back to:
  • Egyptian antiquity
  • Greek philosophers
  • Roman intellectuals
  • Scholars of the Great Library of Alexandria (before its destruction by Romans)
• Parallels are drawn between ancient peace philosophies and 21st-century challenges.

3. Contributions by the author. The document includes:

• • An analysis of the author’s publications on peace propagation.
  • A comprehensive summary of the author’s personal peace philosophy.

4. Roman Military Insight

• Flavius Vegetius, a Roman general, [66]is cited for advocating that peace must be sacredly sustained to ensure national wellbeing of the degenerating efficiency and military might of the Roman People and the army.

5. European Historical Aggression[67]

• Early northern Europeans are described as belligerent and expansionist, earning the label “Barbarians.”[68]
• Their actions are linked to early peace disruption in European history.

6. Religion and Peace

• A provocative question is raised:

“Are religions a catalyst for peace destruction?”[69]

• This is explored through a revisited analysis of the author’s paper on the topic.

7. Dimensions of Peace

• Peace is categorized into:
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Emotional
  • Endogenous
  • Community
  • Global
• These dimensions have been historically disrupted by:
  • World Wars
  • Cold Wars
  • Regional conflicts
  • Mass bombings
  • Nuclear threats

8. 21^st Century Peace Disruptions

• The first quarter of the 21st century is marked by:
  • Brutal regional wars
  • Global peace disruptions
• A central question is posed:

How can humanity ensure peace in the next quarter of the millennium?

9. Neo-Colonial Materialism

The present era is characterized by:

• • The “Death of Peace”, beyond “resuscitation”
  • The “Resurrection of Neo-Colonial Materialism”[70]

This diagram centres around Peace Theories and branches into major themes such as foundational thinkers, historical roots, religious critique, and modern disruptions. Each branch further breaks down into specific insights or contributors.

 

Interdisciplinary Giants: Professor Raymond Arthur Dart, a pioneering paleoanthropologist, proposed.

The Killer Ape Theory: Aggression as Evolutionary Driver:

• Suggested that human evolution was propelled by a force typified by violent behaviour and hunting.

• Australopithecus africanus: Dart’s discovery of the Taung Child challenged Eurocentric views of human origins.
• Controversy: His theory was later critiqued for overemphasizing violence and underestimating cooperation in human evolution.

Interdisciplinary Peace Protagonist: Phillip Vallentine Tobias – Humanistic Paleo-anthropology.

Phillip Tobias, Dart’s successor and a peace advocate, offered a more nuanced view:

• Homo habilis: Co-described this species, emphasizing cognitive and social evolution.
• Anti-Apartheid Activism: Advocated for racial equality and human dignity.
• Peace through Science: Believed that understanding human origins fosters social cohesion, humility, justice and global unity.
• Critique of Racism: Challenged pseudoscientific links between brain size and intelligence. The sloping forehead and reduced size of Frontal lobes.  There is NO “Intelligence Power bulge” of the Cognitive Parts of the Brain, in primitive humans.

A Novice Peace Propagator: : Hoosen Vawda – Contributions to Peace Theory

“Integrating spiritual insight, scientific rigor, and media innovation to advance peace theory.”
Key Quotes:

• “Modernity has bankrupted the human spirit, not in currency but in conscience and humanism”
• “Peace is not merely a social construct but a quantum resonance within the human biofield.”, as illuminated by biophotons resulting in a positive and or a negative aura.
• “Sacred postures are not rituals of the past but blueprints for inner equilibrium.”
• Propagating the South African Philosophy of “Ubuntu” I am because you are translated into Isizulu and analogously into Xhosa “Batho Pele”,[71] can be translated to “People First”, and has been summarised by this slogan: “We belong, we care, we serve.”

Evolutionary, Scientific, and Scriptural Principles of Peace

This integrative framework draws from:

Evolutionary Science

• Cooperation as Evolutionary Strategy: Language and empathy enabled humans to form complex societies.
• Indirect Reciprocity: Altruism and moral behaviour evolved to enhance group survival.

Scriptural Hermeneutics[72]

• Concordism [73]vs. Perspectivism:[74]
  • Concordism: Attempts to align scripture with scientific findings.
  • Perspectivism: Interprets scripture through the lens of cultural and historical context.
• Peaceful Science: Advocates reconciling faith and evolutionary theory to promote a holistic worldview of sustained peace.

Synthesis: Toward a Unified Theory of Peace[75]

Combining these perspectives suggests a multi-dimensional peace paradigm:

• Biological: Peace [76]as an adaptive trait rooted in cooperation.
• Anthropological: Peace [77]as a cultural evolution from tribalism to global empathy.
• Philosophical: Peace[78] as a relational and transformative process.
• Scriptural: Peace[79] as divine harmony, justice, and compassion.

This synthesis aligns with the author’s hypothesis on biophotons[80] and peace propagation, suggesting that peace may be both a biological imperative based on genetic coding [81]and a spiritual calling.[82]

The author reiterates his plea for contributors to and the readers of Transcend Media Peace Journal, to practise peace, propagate peace and literally deploy peace to family, fiends, colleagues, at home and in distant lands, for we are all Disciples and Ambassadors of Peace in the 21^st Century.  It is imperative that we, collectively need to leave a strong lasting peace legacy for the youth of today, the leaders of the future, which you and your family will be proud of, for centuries to come. Peace is a mandate entrusted to all of us to spread in our respective communities, irrespective of our social status and religio-cultural backgrounds.

 Epilogue

The journey through peace theories reveals a complex body of insights and evidence from diverse disciplines. From ancient evolutionary traits to modern media strategies, the pursuit of peace remains elusive[83],[84],[85] and a universal aspiration. The contributions of thinkers and practitioners continue to shape a more harmonious world.

The Bottom Line

Peace is not merely the absence of conflict but the presence of justice, empathy, social cohesion and cooperation. By synthesizing historical, scientific, and spiritual perspectives, we move closer to realizing a sustainable and inclusive peace for all. In South Africa, this nitiative is of particular importance, after enduring the atrocities of Grand Apartheid, in which the Black peoples of South Africa, were particular oppressed, incarcerated tortured and even brutally murder all in the name of the safety and supremacy of the white races in South Africa, during which time they enjoyed, the privileged position in the social hierarchy, based on their colur.  The gross peace disturbance was constitutionalized in the legislature of the land, as the Group Areas Act, which segregated housing, schools, public transport, Gandhi was thrown out of the train, for occupying a white only compartment, hotels, restaurants, banks, home affairs offices, cinema, universities, medical facilities and even emergency ambulances.  Often, if a Black person needed medical evacuation, they were often left to suffer, along the roadside, if involved in a motor vehicle accident, or even succumb while waiting for a “Black Ambulance”, while the designated White ambulance returned to base, empty. Another inhumane act was the infamous Immorality Act, by which a Black person could be arrested for cohabiting with a White individual.  The author also experienced discrimination and peace disturbance, working in hospitals, where Blacks, Indians and Colored[86] were dished, cold, left over, meals, from the White dining rooms. The sleeping rooms were cramped, bed bug and mosquito infested facility while on night duty.  However, all these inequalities, made the author a better person, while engulfed in effects of gros violation of basic human rights, under apartheid, This inhuman piece of legislature was introduced by the British and perfected by the White Afrikaners [87]up to 1994, when a peaceful liberation was achieved with the inauguration of a democratically elected Government of the African National Congress[88], under President Mandela[89].  Today, all South Africans practice and enjoy the fruits of our liberation struggle martyrs [90]and heroes, knowing real peace and to enjoy social cohesion, following the purely South African maxim: “I am because You Are, the isiZulu philosophy of Ubuntu[91], an appropriate and most relevant phase in the global context, presently.

 References:

[1] Author’s Personal quote: August 2025.

 

[2] https://polsci.institute/conflict-resolution-peace-building/multifaceted-meaning-of-peace/

 

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoanthropology

 

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Galtung

 

[5]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2018/01/meet-antonio-c-s-rosa-pioneer-in-peace-journalism/comment-page-1/

 

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Dart

 

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Tobias

 

[8] https://www.transcend.org/tms/about/

 

[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_vis_pacem,_para_bellum

 

[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetius

 

[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_militari

 

[12] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/07/stoicism-unveiling-the-elusive-path-to-peace-part-2/

 

[13] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/04/applicability-of-igitur-qui-desiderat-pacem-praeparet-bellum-to-the-present-context-of-international-belligerence/

 

[14]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/12/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today/

 

[15]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/02/global-evils-today-part-2-misinformation-disinformation-and-media-propaganda-demystified/

 

[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma

 

[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsa

 

[18] https://www.visionofhumanity.org/the-eight-pillars-of-positive-peace/

 

[19] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/04/peace-the-neuro-anthropology-of-peace-and-the-innate-proclivity-of-humanoids-to-generate-conflict-part-2/

 

[20] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/01/the-pathogenesis-of-a-genocide/

 

[21]https://medium.com/geopolitical-lens#:~:text=Geopolitical%20Lens%20is%20a%20platform%20for%20writers%20to,the%20conversation%20on%20how%20nations%20deal%20with%20conflict.

 

[22] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanishads

 

[23]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/12/the-forgotten-part-3-buddhist-directed-ethnic-cleansing-genocide-of-rohingyas-in-myanmar/

 

[24]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/02/reflections-on-the-holocaust-and-the-parallels-between-nazi-brutality-and-israeli-atrocities/

 

[25] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_philosophy

 

[26]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/09/heavenly-peace-of-the-oppressor-and-hellish-peace-of-the-oppressed/

 

[27]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2/

 

[28] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/08/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-imam-abdullah-haron-cape-town-part-4/

 

[29] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/07/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-ahmed-timol-part-1/

 

[30] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/07/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-steve-biko-part-3/

 

[31] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/07/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-dr-neil-hudson-aggett-part-2/

 

 

[32]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/03/peace-propagation-human-rights-day-post-liberation-1994-south-africa-part-1/

 

[33]https://www.burgerhuyserattorneys.co.za/defining-domestic-abuse-in-south-africa-what-you-need-to-know/

 

[34]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/02/the-execution-of-love-as-a-tool-in-ethnic-and-religious-cleansing-in-india-part-4/

 

[35] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/microagressions

 

[36]https://banotes.org/conflict-resolution-peace-building/life-cycle-conflict-dynamic-evolution/

 

[37]https://www.studocu.com/in/document/university-of-delhi/political-science/conflict-theory/61403448#:~:text=In%20Johan%20Galtung%E2%80%99s%201969%20paper,%20%E2%80%9CViolence,%20Peace%20and,key%20elements%20of%20violence%20that%20form%20this%20%E2%80%9Ctriangle.%E2%80%9D

 

[38] https://realitypathing.com/5-key-principles-of-vedanta-philosophy-explained/

 

[39]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/03/peace-propagators-part-3-the-legacy-of-the-mystic-saints/

 

[40] https://biologyinsights.com/what-are-human-genotypes-and-why-are-they-important/

 

[41]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world/

 

[42] https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/9912/namaskar

 

[43] TRANSCEND MEDIA SERVICE » The Attainment of Sustained, Endogenous Peace: Sacred Postures for a Fractured World

 

[44]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/04/elections-in-narendrabhai-damodardas-modis-bharat-hindutva-a-lesson-in-the-transformation-of-democracy-in-religious-autocracy-part-2/

 

[45] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth’s_magnetic_field

 

[46]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2/

 

[47] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11593770/

 

[48]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/07/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature/

 

[49] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adharma

 

[50] https://www.aemagazine.pk/article/palestine-a-litmus-test-for-humanity-uncovering-the-roots-and-reckoning-with-the-consequences-of-war

[51] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/biophotons-and-the-peace-crusade-a-21st-century-manifesto-written-in-light-part-1/

 

[52] https://www.readunwritten.com/2022/07/29/emotionally-numb-dangerous/

 

[53] https://biblehub.com/topical/d/divine_peace_as_a_foundation_for_growth.htm

 

[54]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/07/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature/

 

[55]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/12/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today/

 

[56]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world/

 

[57] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujud

 

[58] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3957224/

 

[59]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/08/the-resurrection-of-the-luciferous-demons-of-democracy-and-archangels-of-autocracy-as-peace-disruptors-in-south-africa-part-2/

 

[60]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2/

 

[61]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376507677_Understanding_Fritz-Albert_Popp’s_Biophoton_Theory_from_the_Viewpoint_of_a_Biologist

 

[62]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/11/the-forgotten-part-1-kashmir-heaven-on-earth-turned-hell-on-earth-by-21st-century-india/

 

[63] https://sk.sagepub.com/book/mono/preview/peace-by-peaceful-means.pdf

 

[64] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317450107_Ubuntu_as_a_moral_theory_and_human_rights_in_South_Africa

 

[65]https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/peace-continuum-what-it-is-and-how-to-study-it-by-christian-davenport-erik-melander-and-patrick-m-regan-new-york-oxford-university-press-2018-240p-10500-cloth-2995-paper/89FCFB507312545C45FAA7BDA5BDEE99

 

[66] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vegetius

 

[67] https://www.britannica.com/topic/barbarian-invasions

 

[68] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration_Period

 

[69]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2023/06/spirituality-negation-in-religions-a-catalyst-for-global-peace-disruption/

 

[70] https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.62191/ROAPE-2024-0035

 

[71]https://www.stafftraining.co.za/blog/the-8-principles-of-batho-pele#:~:text=Batho%20Pele%20is%20an%20initiative%20that%20was%20launched,this%20slogan:%20%E2%80%9CWe%20belong,%20we%20care,%20we%20serve.%E2%80%9D

 

[72] https://www.britannica.com/topic/hermeneutics-principles-of-biblical-interpretation

 

[73]https://www.patheos.com/blogs/jesuscreed/2017/03/07/concordism-bible-science-discussion/

 

[74] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectivism

 

[75] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17400200500532151

 

[76] https://ecdpeace.org/work-content/human-biological-development-peace

 

[77] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-137-40761-0_6

 

[78] https://iep.utm.edu/peace/

 

[79] https://scripturalthinking.com/peace-of-god/

 

[80]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/08/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2/

 

[81] https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2015/05/01/018804.full.pdf

 

[82] https://biblehub.com/q/what_defines_a_spiritual_calling.htm#:~:text=A%20spiritual%20calling%20encompasses%20an%20invitation%20or%20summons,in%20accordance%20with%20the%20will%20of%20the%20Creator.

 

[83]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2024/01/the-genesis-and-psychotype-of-brutal-and-gruesome-peace-disruptors/

 

[84] https://www.transcend.org/tms/2022/10/the-pursuit-of-pseudo-peace-part-1-the-religious-odyssey-of-heavenly-bodies-on-earth/

 

[85]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2021/11/peace-rattler-humanoids-search-for-the-elusive-eternal-life-and-longevity-part-2/

 

[86] https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/race-and-ethnicity-south-africa

 

[87]https://www.transcend.org/tms/2025/05/peace-disruption-the-neo-exodus-in-the-21st-century-of-the-south-african-white-afrikaners-to-the-us/

 

[88] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress

 

[89] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela

 

[90]https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/honouring-sas-liberation-heroes-and-heroines

 

[91] https://thepanafrica.com/ubuntu-the-philosophy-of-shared-humanity/

______________________________________________

Professor G. Hoosen M. Vawda (Bsc; MBChB; PhD.Wits) is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment.
Director: Glastonbury Medical Research Centre; Community Health and Indigent Programme Services; Body Donor Foundation SA.
Principal Investigator: Multinational Clinical Trials
Consultant: Medical and General Research Ethics; Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry:UKZN, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine
Executive Member: Inter Religious Council KZN SA
Public Liaison: Medical Misadventures
Activism: Justice for All
Email: vawda@ukzn.ac.za

Tags: Antonio C. S. Rosa, Conflict Transformation, Cultural violence, Culture of Peace, Direct violence, Education for Peace, Hoosen Vawda, Johan Galtung, Negative Peace, Peace Journalism, Positive Peace, Raymond Arthur Dart, Structural violence, TRANSCEND Media Service, TRANSCEND Method, Tobias

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